Market Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector - 1527 Words

INTRODUCTION: Second part of this report will evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. This report will present findings if UK supermarket sector is oligopolistic or otherwise. 2.0 FINDINGS: Market structures: Market structures are classified with regards to the competition – either their presence or absence. There are different types of market structures: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. The characteristics of the product or service and the number of suppliers determine the market structure. This report will mainly focus on oligopoly market structure. What is perfect competition? In perfect competition market structure there are no barriers to entry into or exit out of the industry and companies produce identical units of output that are not branded. By looking at these two key features, it can be determined that UK supermarkets are not operating in that market structure. What is monopolistic competition? Many small companies operate in monopolistic competition market structure, including independently owned and operated high-street stores and restaurants. In the case of These are the firms that differentiate their product or services, making them unique but in the end are all competing for the same customers, for example hairdressers or restaurants. What is monopoly? A monopoly is a type of marketShow MoreRelatedMarket Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector1600 Words   |  7 Pageswill evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. This report will present findings if UK supermarket sector is oligopolistic or otherwise. 2.0 FINDINGS: 3.0 Market structures: Market structures are classified with regards to the competition – either their presence or absence. There are different types of market structures: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopolyRead MoreEssay about Food Industry Swot Analysis1297 Words   |  6 Pagesluxury  foods. †¢ The UK has a well-established supply structure, in terms of both its production base — for meat, dairy products, fresh and processed vegetables, bakery products and fish, in particular — and its network of  retail  outlets — mainly in the form of major multiples. †¢ Following a period of extensive rationalisation and restructuring, the UK  food  industry can now benefit from more focused businesses and generally more efficient supply chains. †¢ The  food-processing sector has also benefitedRead MoreCorporate Social Responsability for Supermarkets1522 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility This essay will introduce analysis of the UK supermarket sector and its impacts on a wide range of stakeholders .The responsibility for buying and selling is rapidly shifting. In today’s rising global community, supermarkets have embraced corporate social responsibility as an important element of their original role in contributing to shared goals, however in addition it enhances their capacity to the base line. In addition, trade seeks to establish their own valuesRead MoreThe Economic Theory Of Monopoly And Monopoly1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefined a dominant market position as: ‘...a position of economic strength enjoyed by an undertaking which enables it to [†¦] behave to an appreciable extent independently of its competitors, customers and ultimately of its consumers’ Does this definition make economic sense? How should it be interpreted in the light of the economic theory of monopoly and oligopoly? Market Dominance†¦.(Intro) Monopoly and Oligopoly are market structures in economics which are deemed to exercise market power within theirRead MoreDiscuss how retail companies have adapted their business strategy to address the needs of specific global markets1264 Words   |  6 PagesRetail is the sale of goods and services from individuals or business to the end-user(Harper 2008). Getting the right goods to the right markets in response to or anticipation of consumer demand is the key function of marketing. Unlike selling which is primarily concerned with the needs of the seller, marketing is primarily concerned with the needs of the buyer. In the last thirty years British retailing has undergone major changes in both its commercial and economic organisation and in its geographicalRead MoreFinancial Analysis and Market Updates Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial analysis and market updates: Bull points †¢ The company has a high PE ratio , which is the highest in the sector , net income and total revenue gradually increased during last 4 years , though there was the financial crises Bear points †¢ Low estimated earning per share and low return on investment as well . Fist week updates performance Dates 2010 Open close high low monitor 1st Week 13-17/02 13.25 13.9 14 13.2 4.91% News: Second week updates performance Dates 2010 OpenRead MorePESTLE Analysis on Tesco1112 Words   |  4 Pagesstrongly believe that the ‘Political’, the ‘Economic’ and the ‘Legal’ environments have the most impact on Tesco as it operates internationally, in the United Kingdom and within 12 markets across Asia and Europe. For this very reason it very important to consider all possible, political, economic and legal structures, impacts and outcomes which might affect the overall success of the company as they play a major role in relation to one another. When looking at the political factors for Tesco, andRead MoreMarket Structure Of An Oligopolistic Industry2134 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss the market structure of an oligopolistic industry and it will include the main bases of product differentiation and entry barriers. This research relies on the market concentration proportion, Supermarket industry in the United Kingdom. Confirmation demonstrates high focus degree in this industry1 and shows oligopolistic nature of the fundamental business sector structure2. Such market is worked by a little number of benefit expanding organizationsRead MoreAccounting And Finance For Decision Makers1063 Words   |  5 Pagesstatement which represents a clear record or data dealing with the financial activities of Sainsbury. These reports quantify the monetary supremacy, efficiency and liquidity assets of a business. This report incorporates the working capital, capital structure and account. A monetary articulation are extra explanations that help clarify particular things in the announcements and in addition give a more complete evaluation of Sainsbury s money related condition. This report serves to study who do SainsburyRead MoreP1 Business and the Enviroment636 Words   |  3 PagesIceland LTD Introduction- Iceland is a well-established frozen food retailer which is secondary and tertiary. Iceland is a national company which has many stores in the UK (over 800). Iceland has a 1.8% share of the UK food market. The company was founded in 1970. Purpose- Iceland is a fast growing food retailer that offers fridge and freezer food at relatively cheap prices. Their purpose is to offer these products to customers who come in and they offer these fridge and freezer products as

Definition and Examples of Corpus Linguistics

Corpus linguistics is the study of language based on large collections of real life language use stored in corpora (or corpuses)--computerized databases created for linguistic research. Also known as corpus-based studies. Corpus linguistics is viewed by some linguists as a research tool or methodology, and by others as a discipline or theory in its own right.  Kuebler and Zinsmeister conclude that the answer to the question whether corpus linguistics is a theory or a tool is simply that it can be both. It depends on how corpus linguistics is applied (Corpus Linguistics and Linguistically Annotated Corpora, 2015). Although the methods used in corpus linguistics were first adopted in the early 1960s, the term corpus linguistics didnt appear until the 1980s. Examples and Observations [C]orpus linguistics is . . . a methodology,  comprising a large number of related methods which can be used by scholars of many different theoretical leanings. On the other hand, it cannot be denied that corpus linguistics is also frequently associated with a certain outlook on language. At the centre of this outlook is that the rules of language are usage-based and that changes occur when speakers use language to communicate with each other. The argument is that if you are interested in the workings of a particular language, like English, it is a good idea to study language in use. One efficient way of doing this is to use corpus methodology . . .. (Hans Lindquist, Corpus Linguistics and the Description of English. Edinburgh University Press, 2009)Corpus studies boomed from 1980 onwards, as corpora, techniques and new arguments in favour of the use of corpora became more apparent. Currently this boom continues--and both of the schools of corpus linguistics are growing . . .. Corp us linguistics is maturing methodologically and the range of languages addressed by corpus linguists is growing annually. (Tony McEnery and Andrew Wilson, Corpus Linguistics, Edinburgh University Press, 2001) Corpus Linguistics in the Classroom In the context of the classroom the methodology of corpus linguistics is congenial for students of all levels because it is a bottoms-up study of the language requiring very little learned expertise to start with. Even the students that come to linguistic enquiry without a theoretical apparatus learn very quickly to advance their hypotheses on the basis of their observations rather than received knowledge, and test them against the evidence provided by the corpus. (Elena Tognini-Bonelli,  Corpus Linguistics at Work. John Benjamins, 2001)To make good use of corpus resources a teacher needs a modest orientation to the routines involved in retrieving information from the corpus, and--most importantly--training and experience in how to evaluate that information. (John McHardy Sinclair, How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching, John Benjamins, 2004) Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses Quantitative techniques are essential for corpus-based studies. For example, if you wanted to compare the language use of patterns for the words big and large, you would need to know how many times each word occurs in the corpus, how many different words co-occur with each of these adjectives (the collocations), and how common each of those collocations is. These are all quantitative measurements. . . .A crucial part of the corpus-based approach is going beyond the quantitative patterns to propose functional interpretations explaining why the patterns exist. As a result, a large amount of effort in corpus-based studies is devoted to explaining and exemplifying quantitative patterns. (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Randi Reppen, Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use, Cambridge University Press, 2004)[I]n corpus linguistics quantitative and qualitative methods are extensively used in combination. It is also characteristic of corpus linguistics to begin with qua ntitative findings, and work toward qualitative ones. But . . . the procedure may have cyclic elements. Generally it is desirable to subject quantitative results to qualitative scrutiny--attempting to explain why a particular frequency pattern occurs, for example. But on the other hand, qualitative analysis (making use of the investigators ability to interpret samples of language in context) may be the means for classifying examples in a particular corpus by their meanings; and this qualitative analysis may then be the input to a further quantitative analysis, one based on meaning . . .. (Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2012)

The Science Of Psychology Scientist - 1864 Words

In the science of psychology scientist discuss Psychosis. Psychosis is a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions. In psychology there is a number of psychological disorders like anxiety, OCD, PTSD, Mood (Major Depressive, Bipolar), Personality, Schizophrenia, Dissociative, and Eating disorders. Although all these disorders are psychological disorders Schizophrenia is the best example of Psychosis. Schizophrenia is a group of severe disorders characterized by disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions disorganized and delusional thinking and behaviors. When a person has Schizophrenia they tend to live in their own little world filled with unforgettable images and abnormal images. The word itself means split mind (schizo=split, phrenia= mind), in the sense that the mind has separated from the real world (not a multiple-personality split). Like all disorders Schizophrenia has symptoms, biologica l and environmental causes and as well treatment methods to treat the disorder. At the end of this paper one will have more knowledge of the psychological disorder Schizophrenia. Just like any other illness in the world Schizophrenia has symptoms that can be detected right away. Schizophrenia is a disorder with Active and Negative symptoms. The active symptoms are bizarre delusions, hallucinations and heightened sensory awareness, disorganized, incoherent speech and grossly disorganized andShow MoreRelatedThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Scientist Practioner Approach1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Scientist – Practioner Approach The scientist-practitioner model was a term coined within the realm of American psychology. A conference held in Boulder, Colorado in 1949 concluded that clinical psychologists should be incorporating both a scientific and practical approach within their framework and training model. In his applied scientific theory, Shappiro (1985) viewed research and practice as being integrated, not dichotomised. He outlined the three featuresRead MoreJames Mckeen Cattell Contributions to Psychology1740 Words   |  7 PagesHopkins University. Returning to Leipzig in the fall of 1883, he earned his doctoral degree in experimental psychology under Wilhelm Wundt in 1886, with a dissertation that examined reaction times for various simple mental processes (Sokal, 1981). After completing his doctorate, Cattell spent two years at Cambridge University, where he founded Englands first laboratory in experimental psychology. 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The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. The field of educational psychology relies heavily on quantitative methods, including testing and measurement

Majority Rule Guarantee of Democracy Essay Example For Students

Majority Rule Guarantee of Democracy Essay Swiss Bank Controversy: Whos Money Is It?It is hard to imagine having everything you ever owned taken away in a split second. Many Jews experienced this after the years of oppression by the Nazi regime. The Jews had everything stripped away: their families, their possessions, their futures, and their dignity. I would give that money away for anybody. I should have had some relatives survive. I mean most of my friends, they had sisters, or cousins, or aunts or somebody to belong to. I had nobody, said Gizella Weisshaus (Jones 1996). It has been about fifty years now since the end of the Holocaust. Up until recent times, the survivors of the Holocaust have decided that they deserve their money that they put into the neutral Swiss bank accounts before the war. They did this to protect their assets from the Nazis. This then provides the controversy, fifty years later, do the Holocaust survivors and their families deserve the money back from the Swiss banks, or are the Swiss banks even re sponsible for paying back the money?The controversy first arose with Gizella Weisshaus, when she could not receive her fathers money after the war ended because she did not know her fathers bank account number. When she was a young girl, her father had been taken away to the concentration camps. As he was being taken away, he mentioned to her that he had put money away in a Swiss Bank account and that she should go and claim it when the war ended. Years after the war she went back to claim the money, and the teller told her that with out an account number she could not do this. They then told her it would take five years to research the dormant account; therefore she would have to wait. Her response was, It made me angry that even now they claim they need five years to find these dormant accounts, as if fifty years wasnt enough (Jones, 1996). Weisshaus was the first one to raise the red flag of the Swiss Bank controversy. Which has three main sides to the issue, the Swiss side, the United States side, and the side of the Holocaust victims. The Swiss believe that they do not owe the survivors and their families any money because of the laws that protect them. They said that they are a neutral country and that the money put into the accounts was not claimed in time. The United States took the position that if the money belonged to the victims of the Holocaust, the money then should be returned back to them, regardless if the claim is made one or fifty years later. The money belongs to the victims just as it did before the war.The Holocaust victims position is that they are owed this money back because it was theirs in the first place before the war, no questions asked. Switzerland was a neutral country at the time of the war, and is still a neutral country at this period of time. The Swiss position on this controversy is that they do not believe that they owe the unclaimed money to the Jewish survivors and their families, if there is not proper documentation to back up the claims. The Swiss are examining the situation and are unable to conclude what happened to the money in the accounts and where the money went. The Swiss are very defensive with the allegations from the Jewish survivors. They do not like being accused of destroying bank accounts and being called an ?ally? to the Nazis during the war (Border 2, 1998). That, therefore, is the reason why the banks are so hesitant to giving the money back to the survivors. They have a valid excuse why the documents may be gone after fifty years, but the banks as a whole, do not like being seen as the bad guys. The Swiss even have laws protecting them and their reasons for not returning the money back t o the survivors. ?Switzerland does not provide for the government to receive the unclaimed property of those who have died with out leaving a will or heirs. Therefore, the banks themselves are permitted to retain such money?(Levin, 1998). After the war, the documents that showed proof of accounts were destroyed and/or came up missing. The Swiss do not like the reputation they are receiving for this mistake in the past. They are examining all of the allegations and are determined to get to the bottom of the problem (Defrago, 1997). They are working with the Jewish, British, German, and United States officials in recovering information and documents that would exonerate or prove corruption of the Swiss accounts. Either way, the Swiss are cooperating and are willing to give the money back to the survivors, if the documents hold true to the accusations (Border 1, 1998). ?The Swiss have pledged that at the end of this process , not one penny will remain in Switzerland that may have belon ged to a victim of the Holocaust,? said Jeffery Taufield, a spokesman for the Swiss bankers Association (Jones, 1996). It was only until a great outcry from the Holocaust victims that the Swiss agreed to form a committee to investigate the missing bank accounts. If the documents do not appear, they propose giving the survivors one lump sum to be divided up equally amongst themselves. Next is the position of the United States. The Unites States of America was an ally during the war. They have a biased position towards the Germans and the Swiss because of their stance on the war. The US does not listen to the facts presented and is quick to point fingers of who is at fault. They are sticking with their guns in that they say the Swiss took the money, they were not neutral during the war, and they owe the Jewish survivors the money back (Jones, 1996). The United States claims that the Swiss took the money, and that the case is cut and dry. The controversy should be resolved soon. The US then appointed officials to look into the findings of the documents. Working along side the US officials are officials from other countries including England and Germany. They are working hard to find out the facts of the situation. The US also formed a Senate Banking Committee, which is headed by Senator Alphonse DAmato. The committee has been holding hearings with survivors and their families. They said that they found evidence that supports the claims that the Swiss withheld many deposits (Jones, 1996). The United States also granted American citizenship to a Swiss guard who was caught burning account documents. The guard was granted citizenship after he told on the Swiss for what they have been doing to the documents. Yet, even more proof for the Holocaust victims. The final position is that of the Holocaust victims and their family members. They believe that the money they put into the accounts in a ?neutral country? should be given back to them, after all it was theirs in the first place. They say that they deserve the money back no questions asked. They believe that what the Swiss did was wrong in destroying the records, and playing dumb to the whole incident is inexcusable, but the Jews are willing to let bygones be bygones if the Swiss return the money. They realize that everyone makes mistakes and is a shamed of things they have done in the past, they just want them to forget about the past and do the right thing. The Jews themselves find the whole process of recovering the money back very painful. They recall the horrible moments from the war and some find it is not even worth going through the painful memories all over again just to recover the money. Another position of the Jews is that they reject firmly to the Swiss proposal of giving only the survivors one lump sum divided up in equal parts, if proper documentation is presented. They dislike this idea because the family of the victims would not be able to claim money from their family and beca use not everyone had the same amount of money, everyone deserves the money that they put in, not more or less the amount of the original account (Levin, 1998). In conclusion, the controversy of the lost Swiss bank accounts has many different positions and opinions from countries and nationalities involved. There is the Swiss view of that they acknowledge the disappearance of Holocaust victims bank accounts and they are trying to get to the bottom of the problem. The view of the United States, who is standing up for the victims and are trying to help them recover their money. Finally, there is the view of the Holocaust victims, who are furious at the Swiss for the disappearance of their bank accounts after the war. They are also disappointed in the Swiss because they are giving the Holocaust victims a hassle when they try to recover their money. They feel that the money is clearly theirs and they want it back. Over all, there are many viewpoints and opinions over these issues neither of which are either right or wrong. BibliographyNewspapers